Sadiraattam remained exclusive to Hindu temples through the 19th century. The performance repertoire of Bharatanatyam, like other classical dances, includes nrita (pure dance), nritya (solo expressive dance) and natya (group dramatic dance). The dance is accompanied by music and a singer, and typically the dancer's guru is present as the nattuvanar or director-conductor of the performance and art. Bharatanatyam style is noted for its fixed upper torso, bent legs and knees flexed ( Aramandi) combined with footwork, and a vocabulary of sign language based on gestures of hands, eyes, and face muscles. Bani, or 'tradition', is a term used to describe the dance technique and style specific to a guru or school, often named for the village of the guru. Bharatanatyam is the state dance form of Tamil Nadu.īharatanatyam contains different types of banis. Sadiraattam, which was renamed Bharatanatyam in 1932, is the oldest classical dance tradition in India. Ī description of precursors of Bharatanatyam from the 2nd century CE can be found in the ancient Tamil epic Silappatikaram, while temple sculptures of the 6th to 9th century CE suggest dance was a refined performance art by the mid-1st millennium CE.

It is one of eight Indian classical dance forms recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, and expresses South Indian religious themes and spiritual ideas, particularly of Shaivism and in general of Hinduism. Portmanteau of the Tamil words bhavam (expression), ragam (melody), thalam (rhythm), and natyam (dance)īharatanatyam ( Tamil: பரதநாட்டியம்) is an Indian classical dance form that originated in Tamil Nadu.

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